EFOMM 2022 — Inglês | Questão 16
📘 CONTEXTO DA QUESTÃO
Análise da questão 16 da prova de Inglês da EFOMM 2022. O exercício avalia o entendimento da expressão inglesa 'in excess of', utilizada para indicar quantidade superior a um determinado valor, no contexto de decomposição de materiais no ambiente marinho.
📘 PALAVRAS-CHAVE DA QUESTÃO
🔐 Abrir TEXTO DE APOIO (material-base da questão)
IMO Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships
IMO?s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 2018 adopted the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships, which aims to enhance existing regulations and introduce new supporting measures to reduce marine plastic litter from ships.
What is marine litter?
Plastic materials in all shapes and sizes are omnipresent in our seas and oceans. They break down extremely slowly in the marine environment, taking in excess of 400 years. Marine litter originates from many sources and causes a wide spectrum of environmental, economic, safety, health and cultural impacts. For example, marine litter can cause harm to sea life if ingested or even death if a marine mammal becomes entangled in litter.
Marine litter has been defined by UN Environment (United Nations Environment) as “any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment. Marine litter consists of items that have been made or used by people and deliberately discarded into the sea or rivers or on beaches; brought indirectly to the sea with rivers, sewage, storm water or winds; accidentally lost, including material lost at sea in bad weather (fishing gear, cargo); or deliberately left by people on beaches and shores.”
Marine litter, including plastics and microplastics, is known to result from land-based sources in massive quantities but can also originate from ships. Debris particles have been observed in coastal areas, in waters far from anthropogenic pollution sources, in surface waters, in the water column of deep water and in ocean sediments, and from the equator to the poles, including trapped in sea ice.
UN Environment estimates that 15% of marine litter floats on the sea's surface, 15% remains in the water column and 70% rests on the seabed.
According to another study, 5.25 million plastic particles, weighing 268,940 tonnes in total, are currently floating in the world”s oceans.
What problems does marinelitter cause?
In addition to the environmental and health problems posed by marine litter, floating garbage and plastics pose a costly as well as dangerous problem for shipping, as they can be anavigational hazard and become entangled in propellers and rudders.
Another problem requiring urgent remedial action is the massive accumulation of plastics, not only in coastal areas but also in the deep sea.
This litter is harmful to marine life: sea creatures can become trapped inside containers or strangled by nets or ropes, and microplastics can also enter the food chain as they are indigestible when swallowed.
📘 Question
QUESTÃO
“They break down extremely slowly in the marine environment, taking in excess of 400 years.”
The underlined expression means:
as little as possible
further than normally recommended
much less than usually expected
more than a particular amount
slightly greater than normal
📘 Answer Key
🔐🔎 Ver gabarito
📘 Detailed Solution
🔐🧠 Ver resolução comentada
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
A questão pede o significado da expressão “in excess of 400 years” no trecho:
“They break down extremely slowly in the marine environment, taking ‘in excess’ of 400 years.”
Aqui, o candidato precisa reconhecer uma expressão de quantidade.
🔍 2️⃣ Análise da expressão
A expressão in excess of significa:
- mais de
- acima de
- superior a
Logo, o trecho quer dizer que o material leva mais de 400 anos para se decompor.
📊 Análise das alternativas
(A) ❌ as little as possible
significa “o mínimo possível”.
(B) ❌ further than normally recommended
não tem relação com quantidade.
(C) ❌ much less than usually expected
significa “muito menos do que o esperado”.
(D) ✅ more than a particular amount
corresponde exatamente a “mais de”.
(E) ❌ slightly greater than normal
indica “um pouco maior que o normal”, não necessariamente
um valor específico.
🧠 3️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ in excess of = mais de / acima de.
✔ Expressão usada para indicar quantidade superior.
✔ No texto: mais de 400 anos para decomposição.
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (D)
🏛 Informações do site
O portal B3GE Concursos Militares disponibiliza questões comentadas de provas de inglês de concursos militares, com foco em análise pedagógica, compreensão textual e preparação estratégica para candidatos.