🟨 TEXTO I
Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.
Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%
[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.
[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.
[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.
[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.
[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.
Net zero goals
[6] Cargill's calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.
[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero "by or around" 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.
[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we're all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we're trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.
[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it's not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.
[10] "If you can reduce the volume (of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don't have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity," Dieleman said.
[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years," he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.
[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings' performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.
[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn't be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.
[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.
[15] "This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.
🔗 Texto adaptado de: CNBC. Disponível em: https://www.cnbc.com
Glossary
"Net zero" refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere. ("Net zero" refere-se ao equilíbrio entre a quantidade de gás de efeito estufa produzida e a quantidade removida da atmosfera.)
🟨 QUESTÃO 24.
According to text I:
🄰 the Pyxis Ocean is a brand new ship which was fitted with two WindWings with the purpose of consuming approximately 20% less fuel.
🄱 the Pyxis Ocean is an old ship which was fitted with three WindWings with the purpose of consuming approximately 20% less fuel.
🄲 the greenhouse gas emissions in the world are heavily caused by the shipping industry.
🄳 ships that have three WindWings and use biofuel may consume 50% less in fuel.
🄴 ships that have three WindWings and use biofuel will consume up to 30% less in fuel.
Gabarito: 🄳
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
A questão avalia localização de informação específica e leitura quantitativa. O candidato deve identificar percentuais, condições associadas (número de asas + tipo de combustível) e evitar generalizações.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das alternativas
(A) ❌ Incorreta.
O texto afirma que o navio tinha seis anos de uso, portanto não era novo, apesar de ter recebido duas WindWings.
🚩 Pegadinha da banca: misturar dado correto (duas asas) com dado falso (navio novo).
(B) ❌ Incorreta.
O Pyxis Ocean recebeu duas WindWings, não três.
🚩 Pegadinha da banca: troca numérica para confundir leitura apressada.
(C) ❌ Incorreta.
O texto diz que o transporte marítimo responde por quase 3% das emissões globais, o que não caracteriza causa “pesada” ou predominante.
🚩 Pegadinha da banca: exagerar um dado percentual.
(D) ✅ Correta.
O texto afirma que, com três WindWings em um novo navio e o uso de biocombustível, a redução no consumo pode chegar a 50%.
👉 Reprodução fiel do trecho quantitativo.
🚫 Pegadinha evitada: leitura condicional correta.
(E) ❌ Incorreta.
O percentual de 30% refere-se ao uso de três WindWings, mas sem a combinação com biofuel.
🚩 Pegadinha da banca: confundir cenários distintos apresentados no texto.
🚩 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas da banca
• Misturar dados corretos e incorretos na mesma alternativa
• Trocar percentuais semelhantes (30% × 50%)
• Ignorar condições específicas do enunciado
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✘ A erra a idade do navio
✘ B troca o número de asas
✘ C exagera o impacto percentual
✔ D reproduz corretamente as condições e o percentual máximo
✘ E confunde cenários distintos
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (D)