🟨 TEXTO 1.
ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study
The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's search engine, and nothing at all, respectively.
Researchers used an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the writers' brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.
Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.
The paper suggests that the usage of large language models (LLMs) could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small.
But the paper’s main author, Nataliya Kosmyna, felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.
The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas.
Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless.”
The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work.
“It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and I’m done,’” Kosmyna says.
The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing.
Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.
The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function.
The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within AI chatbots as opposed to Google Search.
After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts — but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT.
The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.
The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands.
This gives rise to the hope that AI, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.
🔗 Adapted from: TIME — https://time.com/7295195/ai-chatgpt-google-learning-school/
🟨 QUESTÃO 29.
Researchers highlighted the following main difference between using Google Search and AI chatbots for information gathering:
🄰 Google Search encourages more active brain engagement.
🄱 AI chatbots provide more accurate factual information.
🄲 Google Search eliminates the need for critical thinking.
🄳 AI chatbots always produce more creative responses.
🄴 Google Search reduces satisfaction with the final work.
Gabarito: 🄰
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
A questão pede a diferença principal destacada pelos pesquisadores entre buscar informação via Google Search e buscar via chatbots de IA. O texto não compara “qualidade de informação”, mas sim nível de engajamento cognitivo.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das alternativas
(A) ✅ Correta.
O texto indica que o grupo Google Search apresentou função cerebral ativa e alta satisfação,
e destaca que hoje muitos substituem Google por chatbots — justamente porque isso muda a forma de buscar informação.
🚩 Pegadinha evitada: focar no ponto central (engajamento) e não em “opiniões sobre IA”.
(B) ❌ Incorreta.
Em nenhum momento o texto afirma que chatbots fornecem informação “mais precisa”. O foco é desempenho neural e comportamental.
🚩 Pegadinha: assumir superioridade factual da IA sem evidência textual.
(C) ❌ Incorreta.
Google Search não elimina pensamento crítico; pelo contrário, aparece associado a “active brain function”.
🚩 Pegadinha: exagero lógico invertendo o sentido do texto.
(D) ❌ Incorreta.
O texto aponta que a produção do grupo ChatGPT foi homogênea e sem originalidade, não “mais criativa”.
🚩 Pegadinha: associar IA automaticamente à criatividade, contrariando o texto.
(E) ❌ Incorreta.
O grupo Google Search relatou alta satisfação — logo não houve redução de satisfação.
🚩 Pegadinha: negar informação explícita do texto.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas do IME
• Responder com senso comum (“IA é mais precisa/mais criativa”) sem apoio textual
• Cair em alternativas absolutas (“elimina”, “sempre”)
• Ignorar as frases-chave: active brain function e a comparação Google vs chatbots
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ Google Search: satisfação alta + função cerebral ativa
✔ ChatGPT: menor engajamento e pior desempenho neural/linguístico/comportamental
✔ Diferença destacada: nível de engajamento cognitivo
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (A)