🟨 TEXTO 1.
ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study
The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAI's ChatGPT, Google's search engine, and nothing at all, respectively.
Researchers used an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the writers' brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.
Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.
The paper suggests that the usage of large language models (LLMs) could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small.
But the paper’s main author, Nataliya Kosmyna, felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.
The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas.
Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless.”
The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work.
“It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and I’m done,’” Kosmyna says.
The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing.
Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.
The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function.
The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within AI chatbots as opposed to Google Search.
After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts — but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT.
The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.
The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands.
This gives rise to the hope that AI, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.
🔗 Adapted from: TIME — https://time.com/7295195/ai-chatgpt-google-learning-school/
🟨 QUESTÃO 25.
What outcome followed when the ChatGPT group was asked to re-write an essay without using ChatGPT?
🄰 Demonstrating improved neural activity and writing quality.
🄱 Showing low recall and diminished brainwave activity.
🄲 Relying more heavily on memory and creativity.
🄳 Experiencing increased satisfaction with the new essay.
🄴 Being practically unable to write.
Gabarito: 🄱
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada
A questão exige identificar a consequência direta da retirada do ChatGPT após um período de uso intenso. O foco está no desempenho cognitivo posterior do grupo dependente da ferramenta.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das alternativas
(A) ❌ Incorreta.
O texto relata queda — não melhora — na atividade neural.
🚩 Pegadinha: inverter causa e efeito.
(B) ✅ Correta.
O grupo apresentou baixa lembrança dos próprios textos e
ondas cerebrais mais fracas (alpha e theta).
🚩 Pegadinha evitada: leitura literal + inferência direta.
(C) ❌ Incorreta.
Memória e criatividade são associadas ao grupo brain-only.
🚩 Pegadinha: troca indevida de grupos.
(D) ❌ Incorreta.
Não houve aumento de satisfação após a retirada da ferramenta.
🚩 Pegadinha: confundir esforço com satisfação.
(E) ❌ Incorreta.
Apesar da dificuldade, os participantes ainda conseguiram escrever.
🚩 Pegadinha clássica IME: exagero absoluto.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas do IME
• Inverter resultados experimentais
• Confundir grupos do estudo
• Escolher alternativas extremas sem apoio textual
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ Situação: reescrita sem ChatGPT
✔ Resultado: baixa recordação + ondas alpha e theta enfraquecidas
✔ Evidência textual direta
✔ Alternativa correta: (B)
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (B)